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Such presumably intellligent people as the disciples of Charles Darwin, however, clearly lack the cognitive disposition necessary to grasp the fact that paleontology, physiology and genetics, studied without a prioris, contain nothing to corroborate Charles Darwin's conjectures and speculations.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1169089741672223022007-01-17T21:09:00.000-06:002007-01-17T21:09:00.000-06:00Lots of words, that amount to little more than a r...Lots of words, that amount to little more than a rehash of the old, self-serving line, according to which belief in Evolution is progressive, and disbelief, primitive...Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1149481549717301242006-06-04T23:25:00.000-05:002006-06-04T23:25:00.000-05:00I agree that their are many cognitive barriers sep...I agree that their are many cognitive barriers separating evolutionists from creationists (i.e. creationists are basically stupid) but I do not believe this accounts for such widespread rejection of evolution. Few people understand relativity but this does not mean they are 'anti-einsteinians' . As a general rule people happily accept what they don't understand or understand poorly on authority alone! So why can't they do the same for evolution? The answer is that people have an instinctive desire to feel 'superior' (for the sake of peer acceptance and high social status within the prehistoric tribal unit) and the theory of evolution, with it's appeal to simian ancestory and mortality, does NOT satisfy this instinct. It could be argued then that natural selection has actually equipped humans with the emotional machinery to reject the fact!Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1147415350426460362006-05-12T01:29:00.000-05:002006-05-12T01:29:00.000-05:00This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142635385302283222006-03-17T16:43:00.000-06:002006-03-17T16:43:00.000-06:00Thank you for your response, Chris. You now have m...Thank you for your response, Chris. You now have me wondering if some of the difficulties people have with math doesn't come from a type of "folk math" akin to the "folk physics" you mentioned. I'll have to look into this.<BR/><BR/>This really is a very interesting, and thought inspiring post. As such, I've linked to it today as suggested reading.Anonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/14350832388608921347noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142561560415883882006-03-16T20:12:00.000-06:002006-03-16T20:12:00.000-06:00I found your post through The Tangled Bank. Frankl...I found your post through The Tangled Bank. Frankly, it puts my humble contribution to shame. As a physics teacher, I have to deal with a different set of preconceptions. Most teenagers by the time they arrive in my classes are confirmed Aristotelians. They are convinced heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones, that objects naturally "want" to come to rest, that appliances only use the charges they need and return the unused ones to the power company. We won't even go into their concepts of why the earth has seasons.<BR/><BR/>Evolution is a complex subject, and is especially hard to explain to someone predisposed to not accept its validity. Your post brings up not only important issues for us educators, but for science "defenders" in general. It is just easier for people to accept a Creator or designer than to accept an impersonal, random "force of nature" brought us to the point we are at now. Accepting the scientific explanation is hard work, and many students (and adults!) would rather not take the time and effort.<BR/><BR/>One thing we physics teachers learn early on is that it is essential to knock the "wrong" ideas out of students' minds before providing them the "right" ones. It cannot be done in one lesson. It takes repetition and patience on the part of the instructor. I admire bio teachers who try to bring students at least to the point of considering evolution as valid.<BR/><BR/>Great post. I'm linking to it.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142551265793833142006-03-16T17:21:00.000-06:002006-03-16T17:21:00.000-06:00Actually, yes, though in other sciences there migh...Actually, yes, though in other sciences there might be different intuitions involved. There's a lot of research on "folk physics" and "folk mechanics," for instance, in which it has been repeatedly shown that our intuitions about the way things work, physically, don't accord with basic physics. But where evolution is concerned, people tend to focus on the cultural roadblocks to understanding and belief, so I thought I'd talk a little about the built-in difficulties.Chrishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08417970139690159046noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142550519281202312006-03-16T17:08:00.000-06:002006-03-16T17:08:00.000-06:00I realize that you are addressing only the issue o...I realize that you are addressing only the issue of teaching evolution, but wouldn't the 3 points you make in your conclusion affect learning in most of the sciences and some mathematics. <BR/><BR/>Students come into the classroom with a variety of beliefs some of which they've developed on their own as a way of interpreting their perceptions of the world. Physics and non-Euclidian geometries, for example, could set-up situations where the student's belief structure is in conflict with the material presents.Anonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/14350832388608921347noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142437435154269422006-03-15T09:43:00.000-06:002006-03-15T09:43:00.000-06:00Exceptionally interesting post - I didn't know abo...Exceptionally interesting post - I didn't know about any of the work you mention, but I'll go find it now.<BR/><BR/>Another habit of mind that has struck me is our intuitive division of the world into active agents vs passive objects. Darwinian evolution is counter-intuitive and disturbing to many, I think, because it recasts living organisms (strictly, populations or species) as passive objects, molded by selection, rather than active agents pursuing their own destiny. Lamarckism is a much more immediately appealing idea, not just because it is transformational rather than variational, but also because it interprets evolutionary change as purposive.<BR/><BR/>Intriguingly, I think even evolutionary biologists struggle with the active/passive distinction when they try to talk about the role of behaviour in evolution. Having embraced the idea of a species as passively shaped by external selective pressures, it is then hard to come to terms with theories of niche construction, which emphasise the fact that the selection pressures a species experiences are determined by its behaviour. Of course, there is no real contradiction here, just some awkwardness in the language - but this can get in the way.<BR/><BR/>Anyway - great post, really made me think...Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142367100782741972006-03-14T14:11:00.000-06:002006-03-14T14:11:00.000-06:00Fido, thankd for the compliments.You're absolutely...Fido, thankd for the compliments.<BR/><BR/>You're absolutely right that the problem is largely cultural, which is what I take Evans' work to be indicating. According to her studies, what you get is relatively amorphous intuitions about design and agencym, that are pretty much universal, are culturally molded into highly specific, and highly valuable religious beliefs. That's when the real problem begins: when the intuitions have been so reinforced that it is difficult to get any contrary information past their various filters.Chrishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08417970139690159046noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142364730581201012006-03-14T13:32:00.000-06:002006-03-14T13:32:00.000-06:00Why would "intuitive teleology" necessarily imply ...Why would "intuitive teleology" necessarily imply theism? Why not, for example, a belief in a race of pandimensional hyperintelligent beings? The view that aetiological myths are grounded in intuitive ways of thinking about the world doesn't strike me as especially problematic. The problem that Creationism presents to the science educator is not that it's natural, but that it's cultural, and more to the point, that it is owned by a great many of the students the American science educator is tasked with educating. Counterintuitively, perhaps, the natural tendencies of thought may be more pliable, more transparent, or generally less of an obstacle to education than deeply ingrained cultural systems of belief and value. In this case, teaching against Aesop may prove to be more productive than direct confrontations with religious beliefs.<BR/><BR/>I really like how you've tied things together here. The diagram from Shtulman is brilliant. Even if we entertain the notion that only the evo-devo people correctly understand the origin of lifeforms, that is, without ever introducing a fallacy of reified variation, the contrast between transformationalist and variationist viewpoints still illuminates a problem of essentialism, perhaps we could say "naive essentialism." Well done.Fido the Yakhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/04068567345146364385noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142345518435668742006-03-14T08:11:00.000-06:002006-03-14T08:11:00.000-06:00I was struck, years ago, by a public health offici...I was struck, years ago, by a public health official saying, "The question is not 'Why are some people sick?' The question is 'Why isn't everyone sick?' " If we're all exposed to the same influences, why are so many of us embracing evolution as a way of understanding the world?Mary Annhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00236910059228402369noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142288161848782702006-03-13T16:16:00.000-06:002006-03-13T16:16:00.000-06:00It goes without saying, but I'll send that paper t...It goes without saying, but I'll send that paper to anyone who would like to read it. I have copies of a few of the other papers referenced in the post, too, that I can send to anyone interested in reading them (Pdf files).Chrishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08417970139690159046noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142286027946423942006-03-13T15:40:00.000-06:002006-03-13T15:40:00.000-06:00Brandon, I can send you a copy of the Shtulman pap...Brandon, I can send you a copy of the Shtulman paper, if you'd like.Chrishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08417970139690159046noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142283023024600402006-03-13T14:50:00.000-06:002006-03-13T14:50:00.000-06:00a little off topic...Allele Drift Day?a little off topic...<BR/><BR/>Allele Drift Day?Deep Thoughthttps://www.blogger.com/profile/17438539845962372105noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142278319771313152006-03-13T13:31:00.000-06:002006-03-13T13:31:00.000-06:00Cool post, Chris.I'll have to dig up Shtulman's ac...Cool post, Chris.<BR/><BR/>I'll have to dig up Shtulman's actual paper at some point, but I'm not wholly convinced by his argument, as you present it.Darwin didn't overcome intuitive essentialism; he explicitly tells us both that his position includes the Unity of Type position (biological essentialism par excellence) and that it gives the principle of Natural Classification, which is the Holy Grail of natural kind thinking. Darwin's distinction wasn't that he overcame essentialism but that he reversed the order of explanation: the essentialists kept trying to explain teleology in one stage by morphology, whereas Darwin explained morphology (Unity of Type) by teleology (in the form of Cuvier's Conditions of Existence) over uncountably many stages. The notion that Darwin somehow showed that essentialism wasn't viable rather than providing it a scientific basis seems to have come after the first generation of Darwinists. But, then, people use 'essentialism' in many different senses, and I might just not be getting Shtulman's usage. (I also don't really like Shtulman's diagram; essentialists didn't usually hold that generationes were connected to their type by a pathway of inheritance!) But although I don't like the details of Shtulman's argument, I think you are very right that intuitive essentialism plays a role here. (It's an interesting issue, because I know that Susan Oyama spends a considerable part of her book, The Ontogeny of Information, arguing that even among biologists only developmental systems theorists have really rid themselves of essentialist thinking.)Brandonhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06698839146562734910noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8182098.post-1142276141561058512006-03-13T12:55:00.000-06:002006-03-13T12:55:00.000-06:00It's kind of funny. I was intuitively aware of the...It's kind of funny. I was intuitively aware of the belief valuation issue before I read this post. I've talked to theistic friends about God, and I think that by far, the most productive discussions I've had have been those where I explain how a secular worldview can accomodate the values and psychological comforts of theism without the theistic beliefs. (For instance, how atheists can be moral.) It seems to me like repeated exposure to these alternate explanations should make a belief in God less necessary for one to maintain other parts of one's worldview that are independently valuable, and thus make one less confident in one's theism and more open to agnosticism and secularism. Do you think this mechanism is plausible, Chris?<BR/><BR/>Unfortunately, none of that is really addressable in a biology class, but it is addressable, perhaps, in a good quality philosophy of religion class.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com